MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MNEMONICS

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Ankylosing spondylitis Features: "SPINAL"
S - Sacroiliac and low back pain
P - Pleuritic chest pain
I - Inherited gene marker: HLA-B27 (>90% HLA-B27 +ve, general population frequency 8%)
N - Neck hyperextension question mark posture
A - Arthritic symptoms in peripheries (asymmetrical)
L - Loss of spinal movement which is progressive

Ankylosing spondylitis extra-articular manifestations : "6As"
Atlanto-axial subluxation
Anterior uveitis
Apical lung fibrosis
Aortic incompetence
Amyloidosis (kidneys)
Autoimmune bowel disease (UC)

Arthritis seronegative spondyloarthropathies : "PEAR"
P - Psoriatic arthritis
E - Enteropathic arthritis
A - Ankylosing sponylitis
R - Reiter's/Reactive

Arthritis, juvenile idiopathic differential : "ARTHRITIS"
A - Anxiety
R - Rickets and metabolic
T - Tumor
H - Hematological
R - Reactive arthritis
I - Immunological (SLE)
T - Trauma
I - Injury
S - Sepsis

Back Pain Causes : "ALI VErSUS O"
A - Ankylosing spondylitis
L - Lumbar disk increase
I - Intraspinal tumor
V - Vertebral fracture
E - Extraspinal tumour
S - Spondylolisthesis
U - Unhappiness
S - Stress
O - Osteomyelitis

Carcinomas having tendency to metastasize to bone : "Particular Tumours Like Killing Bone"
Prostate
Thyroid
Lung
Kidney
Breast

Compartment Syndrome: S/S : "5 Ps"
Pain
Palor
Pulseless
Paresethesia
Pressure (increased)

Components of CREST Syndrome : "CREST"
C - Calcinosis
R - Raynaud's phenomenon
E - oEsophageal dysmotility
S - Sclerodactyly
T - Telangiectasia

Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy :

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin.

Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein).

Felty's syndrome Components : "SANTA"
S - Splenomegaly
A - Anaemia
N - Neutropenia
T - Thrombocytopenia
A - Arthritis (rheumatoid)

Gout: Drugs and Foods Raising uric Acid levels : Drugs are : "FACT"
F - Frusemide
A - Aspirin/Alcohol
C - Cytotoxic drugs
T - Thiazide diuretics
Foods are :
"SALTS"
S - Shellfish
A - Anchovies
L - Liver and kidney
T - Turkey
S - Sardines

Henoch schonlein purpura signs and symptoms: "PANA"
P - Purpura, palpable (especially on buttocks and lower extremities)
A - Abdominal pain (need to rule out intussusception)
N - Nephritis
A - Arthritis, Arthralgias

IM Injection Administration: "Shut up and butt out"
The Upper Outer Quadrant of the Buttock
Safely avoids hitting Sciatic nerve.

Causes of Joint pain : "SOFTER TISSUE"
S - Sepsis
O - Osteoarthritis
F - Fractures
T - Tendon/muscle
E - Epiphyseal
R - Referred
T - Tumor
I - Ischaemia
S - Seropositive arthritides
S - Seronegative arthritides
U - Urate
E - Extra-articular rheumatism (such as polymylagia)

Muscle Types : Type 1: "1 slow fat red ox"
slow twitch
lipid accumulation
red fibers
oxidative
Type 2: "2 fast skinny white breasts"
fast twitch
low lipid
white fibers, like chicken breasts

Osteoporosis risk factors : "ACCESS"
A - Alcohol
C - Corticosteroid
C - Calcium low
E - Estrogen low S - Smoking
S - Sedentary lifestyle

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Features : "RHEUMATISM"
R - Rheumatoid factor (RF) +ve in 80%/Radial deviation of wrist
H - HLA-DR1 and DR-4
E - ESR/Extra-articular features (restrictive lung disease, subcutaneous nodules)
U - Ulnar deviation of fingers
M - Morning stiffness/MCP+PIP joint swelling
A - Ankylosis/Atlanto-axial joint subluxation/Autoimmune/ANA +ve in 30%
T - T-cells (CD4)/TNF
I - Inflammatory synovial tissue (pannus)/IL-1
S - Swan-neck deformity, Boutonniere deformity,Z-deformity of thumb
M - Muscle wastage of small muscles of hand

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Management : DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
"Mary Sibley Can Get Appropriate Pain Control"
M - Methotrexate
S - Sulfasalazine
C - Ciclosporin
G - Gold
A - Azathioprine
P - Penicillamine
C - HydroxyChloroquine

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) diagnosis : "MD SOAP N HAIR"
M - Malar rash
D - Discoid rash
S - Serositis
O - Oral ulcer
A - Arthritis
P - Photosensitivity
N - Neurologic abnormality
H - Hematologic abnormality
A - ANA (+)
I - Immunologic abnormality
R - Renal involvement

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