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Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis classic presentation : "Throat, Bloat and Coke"
Throat : 1 week ago
Bloat : facial edema
Coke : coke-coloured urine

Capsulated bacteria: "Many Eastern Scottish Bluff About How Korean Players Feel Pressured By Young Scottish"
Menigitidis (N. Menigitidis)
E. coli
Strep pneumonia
Bacteroides
Anthrax (B. anthracis)
H. influenza
Klebsiella
Pasteurella
Francisella
Pseudomonas
Brucella
Yersinia pestis
Salmonella

Catalase positive organisms : "SPACE"
S - Staphylococcus aureus
P - Pseudomonas
A - Aspergillus
C - Candida
E - Enterobacter

Common cold viral causes : "Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is PRIMArily caused by"
P - Paramyxoviruses
R - Rhinoviruses
I - Influenza viruses
M - Myxoviruses
A - Adenoviruses

Diphtheria toxin properties : "ABCDEF"

A/B-type toxin. Made by Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, which binds to EF-2 (elongation factor 2).

E. coli diseases caused in presence of virulence factors: "DUNG"
D - Diarrhea
U - UTI
N - Neonatal meningitis
G - Gram negative sepsis
Dung, since people contract E. coli from dung-contaminated water.

E. coli major subtypes key point of each: "HIT by E.coli outbreak"
EnteroHemorrhagic
H - HUS from Hamburgers (EnteroInvasive)
I - Immune-mediated Inflammation (EnteroToxigenic)
T - Travellers diarrhea

Endotoxin features : "ENDOTOXIN"
E - Endothelial cells/Edema
N - Negative (gram- bacteria)
D - DIC/Death
O - Outer membrane
T - TNF
O - O-antigen
X - X-tremely heat stable
I - IL-1
N - Nitric oxide/Neutrophil chemotaxis

Food poisoning: bugs inducing: "Eating Contaminated Stuff Causes Very Bad Smelly Vomit"
• E. coli O157-H7 (undercooked meat, esp. hamburgers)
• Clostridium botulinum (canned foods)
• Salmonella (poultry, meat, eggs)
• Clostridium perfringens (reheated meat)
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus (seafood)
• Bacillus cereus (reheated rice)
• Staphylococcus aureus (meats, mayo, custard)
• Vibrio vulnificus (seafood)

Gram positive stain :

Gram Positives Stain Purple (violet-blue) because of their thick Peptidoglycan layer

Gram + bacterial cell wall : Gram + has:
+hick pepidoglycan layer.
+eichoic acid in wall.

IgA protease-producing bacteria : "Nice Stripper Hamlet"
Neisseria
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza

Investigations of Typhoid fever : "BASU"
1st week - Blood culture
2nd week - Agglutination test
3rd week - Stool culture
4th week - Urine culture

Klebsiella details You tell the patient: "Get UPS Fat Alcoholic"
Get up => nonmotile since no flagella.
U => UTI
P => Pneumonia
S => Sepsis
Fat => Fat capsule
Alcoholic => commonly seen in alcoholic and nosocomial patients.

Leprosy early signs diagnostic criteria : "LEProsy"
L - Loss of sensation in affected skin/Loss of function (paralysis).
E - Enlargement of affected superficial nerves (tender too).
P - Positive identification of M. leprae under microscope.

Meningitis most common organisms : "Happy New Season" Hemophilus Influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
The cause of the most Severe meningitis is Streptococcus.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, culture identification : "Rough, Tough, Buff"
Rough : colony isnot smooth but rough like breadcrumbs.
Tough : colony stuck to plate well, and tough to remove.
Buff : buff is a color, a cream/coffee shade.

Neisseria : fermentation of N. gonorrhoeae vs. N. meningitidis : Gonorrhoeae : Glucose fermenter only.
MeninGitidis : Maltose and Glucose fermenter.

Maltose fermentation is a useful property to know, since its the classic test to distinguish the Neisseria types.

Obligate anaerobes: members worth knowing : "ABC"
A - Actinomyces
B - Bacteroides
C - Clostridium

Placenta-crossing organisms/ antenatal Infections : "STARCH"
S - Syphilis
T - Toxoplasmosis
A - AIDS (HIV)
R - Rubella
C - CMV
H - Herpes/Hepatitis

Causes of Pneumonia: gram negative vs. gram positive :

Gram Negatives (eg coliforms) are responsible mainly for Nosocomial pneumonia.

Gram positives (eg strep pneumonia, staph) are thus more responsible for community acquired pneumonia.

Psedomonas aeruginosa features : "AERUGINOSA"
A - Aerobic
E - Exotoxin A
R - Rod/Resistance
U - UTIs, burns, injuries
G - Green-blue dressings
I - Iron-containing lesions
N - Negative gram
O - Odor of grapes
S - Slime capsule sometimes (in CF pt)
A - Adherin pili

Staphylococcus aureus diseases caused : "SOFT PAINS"
S - Skin infections
O - Osteomyelitis
F - Food poisoning
T - Toxic shock syndrome
P - Pneumonia
A - Acute endocarditis
I - Infective arthritis
N - Necrotizing fasciitis
S - Sepsis

Streptococci classification by hemolytic ability: Gamma : Garbage (no hemolytic activity).
Alpha : Almost (almost lyse, but incomplete).
Beta : Best (complete lysis).

Streptococci: Quellung reaction ; positive sign, Strep type confirmed : "Quell-lung"
Quell : Capsules swell (+ve test).
Lung : S. pnuemonia (type confirmed).
You get pneumonia in your lung.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumonia : "Sarah Cannot Play On Mud"
Sinusitis
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Meningitis

Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors : "SMASHED"
S - Streptolysins
M - M protein
A - Anti-C5a peptidase
S - Streptokinase
H - Hyaluronidase
E - Exotoxin
D - DNAses

Streptococcus pyogenes, diseases causing : "NIPPLES"
N - Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
I - Impetigo
P - Pharyngitis
P - Pneumonia
L - Lymphangitis
E - Erysipelas and cellulitis
S - Scarlet fever/Streptococcal TSS

Streptococcus pyrogenes antibody: "SPAM"
Streptococcus Pyogenes : Antibody to Mprotein.

Syphilis vs. H. ducreyi (chancroid): Which ulcer is painful?
"In du-crey-i, you do cry (because it is painful)"
In H. ducreyi, the ulcer is painful
In syphilis the ulcer is painless.

Tetanus treatment for infection : "SAD RAT"
S - Sedation
A - Antitoxin
D - Debridement
R - Relaxant
A - Antibiotic
T - Tracheostomy

UTI-causing microorganisms : "KEEPS"
K - Klebsiella
E - Enterococcus faecalis/Enterobacter cloacae
E - E. coli
P - Pseudomonas aeroginosa/Proteus mirabilis
S - Staphylococcus saprophyticcus/Serratia marcescens

Urease positive organisms : "PUNCH"
P - Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)
U - Ureaplasma (renal calculi)
N - Nocardia
C - Cryptoccocus (the fungus)
H - Helicobacter pylori

Types of Vaccines : "STARK"
S - Subunit
T - Toxoid
A - Attenuated (live)
R - Recombinant
K - Killed (inactivated)

Vibrio motility : "Vibrio Vibrates"
Vibrio is a genus of actively motile bacteria

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