IMPORTANT OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS

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MISCELLANEOUS OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS

Amblyopia Management : "4 Os"
• Optical correction of refractive error
• Occlusion therapy
• Orthoptic exercise
• Operative measures

Behcet's Disease : "ORAL UPSET"
O - Occlusive periphlebitis
R - Retinitis
A - Anterior uveitis
L - Leakage from retinal vessels
U - Ulceration (aphthous/genital)
P - Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test)
S - Scratching leaves lines
(dermatographism) E - Erythema nodosum
T - Thrombophlebitis

Blindness Categorization : NPCB categorization:
"LESMA"
1. Low vision: < 6/18 - 6/60 in better eye
2. Economic blindness: < 6/60 - 3/60 in better eye
3. Social blindness: < 3/60 - 1/60 in better eye
4. Manifest blindness: < 1/60 in better eye
5. Absolute blindness: No perception of light in better eye

WHO Categorization :
Moderate visual impairment is 1
Severe visual impairment is 2
Blindness is 3, 4, 5

Causes of Choroidal neovascular membrane : "HAMMAR"
H - Histoplasmosis
A - ARMD
M - Multifocal Choroiditis
M - Myopia
A - Angiod
R - Rupture of the choroid

Causes of Monocular diplopia : "ABCD"
A - Astigmatism
B - Behavioral: psychogenic
C - Cataract
D - Dislocated lens

Causes of pseudotumor cerebri : "Idiopathic IDEA"
Idiopathic - Idiopathic
I - Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral infections etc
D - Drugs-Steroid withdrawal,Vitamin A intoxication,Nalidixic acid,amiodarone,cyclosporine,minocyine
E - Endocrine-obese,amenorrheic women of childbearing age, Hypoparathyroidism
A - Anaemia

Characteristics of Parinaud's Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome: "CLUES"
C - Convergence retraction nystagmus
L - Light Near Dissociation
U - Upgaze paralysis
E - Eyelid retraction
S - Skew deviation

Chemical Injury Management Guidelines : "In Acute Chemical Assault, Care Always Stood Beneficial To Patients"
• Immediate irrigation
• Antibiotics
• Cycloplegics
• Antiglaucoma drugs/AMG?
• Collagenase inhibitors
(acetylcystine, doxycycline) • Ascorbic acid
• Steroids
• Bandage contact lens
• Tear Substitute
• PK- Therapeutic/Tectonic etc

Childhood blindness Estimation Methods : "BUCK"
B - Blind school survey
U - Under 5 Mortality Rate
C - Community Based Rehabilitation Project
K - KIM : Key Informant Methods

Dry eye Treatment : "SPOT. T"
S - Systemic steroids (in autoimmune cases)
P - Protective glasses and contact lenses
O - Occulsion of puncti to reduce tear drainage
T - Tear substitutes (eye drops, eye gel)
T - Treatment of any associated diseases

Fourth nerve palsy: "GOTS worse"
Hypertropia Worse in :
Gaze Opposite, Tilt Same

Microtropia : "3 As"
• Anisometropia
• Angle small
• Absent central field (Central suppression scotoma)

Ocular features of Marfan"s syndrome : "CLUMPS"
C - Cupping (glaucoma)
L - Lattice
U - Upward lens subluxation
M - Myopia
P - Cornea Plana
S - Sclera blue

Ocular features of acromegaly : "ACROM"
A - Angioid streaks
C - Chiasmal syndrome
R - Retinopathy
O - Optic atrophy,papilloedema
M - Muscle enlargement

Ophthalmic Tuberculosis : "BCG GP"
B - Busacca and Koeppe nodules
C - Choroiditis
G - Granuloma in choroid
G - Granulomatous uveitis
P - Periphlebitis

Optic atrophy causes : "ICING"
I - Ischaemia
C - Compressed nerve
I - Intracranial pressure (raised)
N - Neuritis history
G - Glaucoma

Red eye causes : "GO SUCK"
G - Glaucoma
O - Orbital disease
S - Scleritis
U - Uveitis
C - Conjunctivitis
K - Keratitis

Sterilization in ophthalmology : "ABCDEFG"
A - Autoclave
B - Boiling
C - Chemicals like Alcohol (Rectified spirit), Isopropyl alcohol/CIDEX: 2% Glutaraldehyde
D - Dry heat temperature of 150°C is used for 90 minutes
E - Ethylene Oxide for sterilization of IOL etc.
F - Fumigation of operation theatre/Formalin vapour
G - Gamma-Irradiation: Gamma rays from Cobalt-60

Composition of Tears : "Water PLUSS"
Water- Water
P - Protein
L - Lysozyme
U - Urea
S - Salts
S - Sugar

Toxic Amblyopia : "METAL CC"
M - Methyl alcohol
E - Ethyl alcohol
T - Tobacco
A - Arsenic
L - Lead
C - Carbon dioxide
C - Cannabis

WHO Primary Eye Care Elements : "ELEMENTS"
E - Education (awareness in community)
I - Immunization (measles)
E - Essential Drugs
M - Mother and Child (Ophthalmia neonatorum)
E - Endemic Disease Treatment (leprosy, corneal ulcer)
N - Nutrition (proper food supply)
T - Treatment of common diseases
S - Sanitation and Safe Water (Trachoma)

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