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RETINA MNEMONICS
Angioid Streaks : "PEPSI-LITE"
P - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)
E - Ehlers-Danlos
P - Penicillamine, Paget's disease of bone
S - Sickle Cell Anemia
I - Idiopathic (50%)
L - Lead poisoning
I - Increased Phosphate
T - Thalassemia, Tuberous sclerosis
E - Epilepsy
Background Diabetic Retinopathy : "HARM"
HA - HAemorrhaeg
• Hard Exudates
R - Retinal Edema
M - Microaneurysms
Causes of retinal detachment : "SITS"
S - Secondary to some intraocular problem (melanoma)
I - Idiopathic
T - Trauma
S - Surgery for cataract
Drusen Differential Diagnosis : "AGEING"
A - Alports Syndrome
G - Glomerulonephritis
E - Exudate (Hard)
I - Inherited (Familial Dominant Drusen)
N - North Carolina Dystrophy
G - starGardts and fundus flavimaculatus
Group E Retinoblastoma : "VAL-POND"
V - Vitreous face touch
A - Aseptic orbital cellulitis
L - Lens touch
P - Phthisis bulbi
O - Opaque media from hemorrhage
N - NVG
D - Diffuse infiltrating RB
PVR Grade B : "WoRST"
W - Wrinkling of retinal surface
R - Rolled edges of retinal break
S - Stiffness of retina
T - Tortuosity of retinal vessels
Peripheral Retinal Degeneration : "M.MES"
M - Myopia
M - Marfans
E - EDS
S - Stickler's
Preproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy : "VADIC"
V - Venous change (dilatation loops, bending)
A - Arteriolar change (narrowing, silver wiring)
D - Dark blot hemorrhage
I - IRMA
C - Cotton wool spots
Retinoblastoma, International Classification : "ABCDE"
A : smAll < 3 mm
B : Bigger > 3 mm, macula, SRF
C : Contained seeds
D : Diffuse Seeds
E : Extensive (>50% of globe, NVI, Opaque media)
Shields Staging of Coats Disease : "TED-GP"
1. Retinal telangiectasia (T) only
2. Telangiectasia and exudation (E): Extrafoveal, Foveal
3. Exudative retinal detachment (D): Subtotal, Total
4. Total retinal detachment and glaucoma (G)
5. Advanced end stage disease often with phthisis (P) bulbi
Treatment of Retinal Detachment : "6 S"
• Sealing of retinal breaks
• SRF drainage (SRF is Subretinal fluid)
• Scleral buckling
• SF6 pneumatic retinopexy
• Sectioning vitreous (vitrectomy)
• laSer prophylaxis
Types of colorblindness : "TuB PaR DoG"
TRITANOPIA = BLUE
PROTANOPES = RED
DEUTERANOPES = GREEN
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