ENDOCRINE SYSTEM PATHOLOGY MNEMONICS

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM PATHOLOGY MNEMONICS

Acromegaly symptoms : "ABCDEF"
A - Arthralgia/Arthritis
B - Blood pressure raised
C - Carpal tunnel syndrome
D - Diabetes
E - Enlargemed organs
F - Field defect

Addison's disease features : "ADDISON"
A - Autoimmune
D - DIC (meningcoccus)
D - Destruction by cancer, infection, vascular insufficiency
I- Iatrogenic
S - Sarcoidosis, granulomatous such as TB histiomycosis
O - hypOtension/hypOnatermia
N - Nelson's syndrome (post adrelectomy, increased ACTH)

Adrenal cortex layers and the hormones produced : "Get My File, Go Right Away"
Glomerulosa : Mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone)
Fasciculata : Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
Reticularis : Androgens (sex hormones)

Baldness risk factors : "Dorothy Doesn't Deny Getting Hair Implants"
• Diet
• Disease
• Drugs
• Genes
• Hormones
• Injury to the scalp

Cushing syndrome : "CUSHING"
C - Central obesity/Cervical fat pads/Collagen fiber weakness/Comedones (acne)
U - Urinary free corisol and glucose increase
S - Striae/Suppressed immunity
H - Hypercortisolism/Hypertension/Hyperglycemia/Hirsutism
I - Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids)
N - Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
G - Glucose intolerance/Growth retardation

Graves disease etiology :

In Graves disease, the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are of the IgG class.

Hirsutism vs. Virilism :
Hirsutism : Hair on body like a male.

Virilism : Voice and rest of secondary sexual characteristics like a male.

Hypercalcemia causes : "MD PIMPS ME"
M - Malignancy
D - Diuretics (thiazide the main culprit)
P - Parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism)
I - Immobilization/Idiopathic
M - Megadoses of vitamins A,D
P - Pagets disease
S - Sarcoidosis
M - Milk alkali syndrome
E - Endocrine (Addisons disease, thyrotoxicosis)

Hypercalcemia symptoms of elevated serum levels : "Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans"
Bones : pain in bones
Stones : renal
Groans : pain
Moans : Psychic moans/Psychological - confused state

Hypothyroidism/Thyroiditis Maifestations and Morphology : "A SCHISM among the Axis during WWII"
A - Addison disease
S - Subacute thyroiditis
C - Cretinism/Cold intolerance/Constipation
H - Hashimotos disease
I - Infectious-subacute thyroiditis
S - Silent thyroiditis
M - Myxedema coma

The Axis : Schimidt syndrome (when other endocrinology disorders accompany Hashimotos disease) and "Hitler cells" (Hurthle cells, which are follicular epithelial cells with basophilic inculsions)

NOTE : WWII = Hitler War.

Components of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN I) Syndrome : "Please Please Pay Attention To peptic ulceration, you worms"
Adenomas of:
• Pituatary
• Pancreatic islets
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal cortex
• Thyroid, associated with peptic ulceration

The Syndrome is called "Wermers syndrome"

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) subtype classification :
Each subtype has 2 or 3 causes, plus something 1 or 2 more items.

MEN I is disease of 3 Ps: (Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas) plus one more: adrenal cortex.

MEN II is disease of 2 Cs: [Carcinoma of thyroid, Catacholamines (pheochromocytoma)] plus two more: parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB (also called MEN III).

Multiple endocrine neoplasia III components : "MEN III is a disease of 3 Ms"
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma
• Medulla of adrenal (pheochromocytoma)
• Mucosal neuroma

Causes of Pancreatitis : "PANCREATITIS"
P - Posterior
A - Alcohol
N - Neoplasm
C - Cholelithiasis
R - Rx (lasix, AZT)
E - ERCP
A - Abdominal surgery
T - Trauma
I - Infection (mumps)
T - Triglycerides elevated
I - Idiopathic
S - Scorpion bite

Phaeochromocytoma diagnositc rule : "Rule of 10s"
• 10% ectopic
• 10% multiple
• 10% malignant

Pheochromocytoma 3 most common symptoms : "PHEochromocytoma"
P - Palpitations
H - Headache
E - Edisodic sweating (diaphoresis)

Pheochromocytoma common symptoms : "5 Ps"
• Paroxysmal rise in BP
• Palpitations
• Perspiration
• Pain in abdomen
• PMV in urine

Pituitary endocrine functions often affected by pituitary-associated tumor : "Go Look For the Adenoma Please"
Tropic hormones affected by growth tumor are :
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function

Pituitary hormones : "FLAG TOP"
F - Follicle stimulating hormone
L - Lutinizing hormone
A - Adrenocorticotropin hormone
G - Growth hormone
T - Thyroid stimulating hormone
O - Oxytocin
P - Prolactin

Causes of Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) : "SIADH"
S - Surgery
I - Intracranial : infection, head injury, CVA
A - Alveolar : Ca, pus
D - Drugs : opiates,antiepileptics, cytotoxics, anti-psychotics
H - Hormonal : hypothyroid, low corticosteroid level

Thyroid carcinoma features, prognosis of most popular : "Most Popular is Papillary"
Clinical features:
Papillae (branching)
Palpable lymph nodes
"Pupil" nuclei (Orphan Annie)
Psammoma bodies within lesion (often)

Also, has a Positive Prognosis (10 year survival rate: 98%).

Thyroid carcinoma histological types: "Pray For My Aunt"
In order from most to least common and least to most aggressive.
• Papillary (80% of total)
• Follicular (10%)
• Medullary (5%)
• Anaplastic (3%)

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