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ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY MNENONICS

Arthritis Causes :
"HINTS"
H - Hemorrhage (due to trauma/hemophilia)
I - Inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis, crystals due to gout, psoriasis)
N - Noninflammatory (osteoarthritis)
T - Trauma/Tumour
S - Septic arthritis

Bone fracture types :
"C3 POGO "
C3 - Complete/Closed/Comminuted
P - Partial
O - Open
G - Greenstick O - Others

Bryant's traction position :
BrYant's traction:
Bent Y.
Patient's body is the stem of the Y laying on the bed, and legs are the ends of the Y up in the air.

Carpal tunnel syndrome Causes:
"MEDIAN TRAP"
M - Myxoedema
E - Edema premenstrually
D - Diabetes mellitus
I - Idiopathic
A - Acromegaly
N - Neoplasm
T - Trauma
R - Rheumatoid arthritis
A - Amyloidosis
P - Pregnancy

Carpal tunnel syndrome treatment:
"WRIST"
W - Wear splints at night
R - Rest
I - Inject steroid
S - Surgical decompression
T - Take diuretics

Causes of Osteoporosis:
"ACCESS"
A - Alcohol
C - Corticosteroids
C - Calcium deficiency (low intake)
E - Estrogen deficiency
S - Smoking
S - Sedentary Lifestyle

Correction of club foot stepwise:
"CAVE"
C - Cavus
A - Adduction
V - Varus
E - Equinus

Diaphyseal lesions:
"FEMALE"
F - Fibrous dysplasia
E - Eosinophilic granuloma
M - Metastasis
A - Adamantinoma
L - Leukaemia, Lymphoma
E - Ewing's sarcoma

Forearm fractures, bone in Monteggia vs. Galeazzi :
"MM"
ulna is Medial So Monteggia is fracture of ulna.
Therefore, Galeazzi is fracture of radius.

Forearm ;Fractures :
"Break the forearm of the MUGR (mugger)"
Monteggia = Ulna
Galeazzi = Radius

Fracture description :
"BLT LARD"
B - Bone
L - Location on bone
T - Type of fracture
L - Lengthening
A - Angulation
R - Rotation
D - Displacement

Fracture how to describe:
"PLASTER OF PARIS"
P - Plane
L - Location
A - Articular cartilage involvement
S - Simple or comminuted
T - Type (eg Colles)
E - Extent
R - Reason
O - Open or closed
F - Foreign bodies
P - disPlacement
A - Angulation
R - Rotation
I - Impaction
S - Shortening

Fracture, describing (short version) :
"DOCTOR"
D - Displaced vs. non-displaced
O - Open vs. closed
C - Complete vs. incomplete
T - Transverse fracture vs. linear fracture
OR - Open Reduction vs. closed reduction

Fractures principles of management :
"FRIAR"
F - First aid
R - Reduction
I - Immobilisation
AR - Active Rehabilitation

Giant cell tumour :
"10 E"
• Epiphyseal
• Eccentric
• Egg shell crackling
• Expansile
• En block Excision is Rx
• Erosion of cortex
• Edema and pain are main complaints
• End of tibia femur and radius are common sites
• Entry into adjacent areas absent (no metastasis)
• "Ek" lesion (solitory)

Growing end of bones :
towards the knee(distal end femur ,upper end tibia),we flee.

away from elbow(upper end humerus,distal end radius &ulna),we go.

Joints classification, by amount of allowed movement at joint :
"SAD"
S - Synarthroses
A - Amphiarthroses
D - Diarthroses

Monoarthritis differential :
"GHOST"
G - Gout
H - Haemarthrosis
O - Osteoarthritis
S - Sepsis
T - Trauma

Nonunion of bones differential :
You need a "SPLINT"
S - Soft tissue interposition
P - Position of reduction (too much traction, immobilization, or movement)
L - Location (eg. lower third of tibia slow to heal)
I - Infection
N - Nutritional (damaged vessels or diseased bone)
T - Tumor (pathological fracture)

Orbit (bones of medial wall)::
" My Little Eye Sits in the orbit"
• Maxilla (frontal process)
• Lacrimal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid (body)

Osteoblastic bone metastasis:
"5 Bees Lick Pollen"
• Brain(medulloblastoma)
• Bronchus
• Breast
• Bowel
• Bladder
• Lymphoma
• Prostrate

Osteoporosis treatment :
"A to H "
Alandronate androgen
Braces
Calcitonin calcium supplement
D vitamin
Estrogens
Fluoride
Gradual increase in weight bearing
High protein diet

Osteosarcoma risk factors :
"PRIMARY"
P - Paget's
R - Radiation
I - Infaction of bone
M - Male
A - Alcohol, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle (adults only)
R - Retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Y - Young (10-20 yrs)

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone.

Paget's disease of bone ; signs and symptoms :
"PANICS"
P - Pain
A - Arthralgia
N - Nerve compression/Neural deafness
I - Increased bone density
C - Cardiac failure
S - Skull/Sclerotic vertebrae

Posterior dislocation of hip joint clinical features :
"FIRSt Add"
F - Flexion
IR - Internal rotation
St - Shortening of limb
Add - Adduction

Sacroiliitis causes :
"PUB CAR"
P - Psoriasis
U - Ulcerative colitis
B - Behcet's disease
C - Crohn's disease
A - Ankylosing spondylitis
R - Reiter's disease

Salter Harris fracture classification :
Salter Harris, modified to "SALTR"
type 1: Slipped epiphysis
type 2: Above the eiphyseal plate
type 3: Lower than the eiphyseal plate
type 4: Through both above and below
eiphyseal plate
type 5: Raised epiphysis, as in a compression injury
Salter Harris classification utilises visualising long bone distal portion with diaphysis superiorly placed and epiphysis inferiorly placed.

Swollen leg unilateral swelling causes :
"TV BAIL"
T - Trauma
V - Venous (varicose veins, DVT, venous insufficiency)
B - Baker's cyst
A - Allergy
I - Inflammation (cellulitis)
L - Lymphoedema

Tumours Site of origin :
"GEOMED"
G - Giant cell tmr
E - Epiphysis
O - Osteosarcoma
M - Metaphysis
E - Ewings tmr
D - Diaphysis

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