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After Stapes Surgery : HARD becomes better in patients After stapes surgery
"HARD"
H-hearing thresold 30 db or worse
A - air - bone gap 15 db
R - rinne negative for 256,512 Hz
D - discriminatoin speech score 60%

Acute Earache (Otalgia): Causes : "FATHER"
F - Furuncle
A - ASOM (A/c Suppurative Otitis Media)
T - Trauma
H - Herpez zoster oticus
E - External otitis
R - Referred pain

Auditory Pathway : "E.COLI-MA"
E - Eighth nerve
C - Cochlear nuclei
O - Olivary complex
L - Lateral lemniscus
I - Inferior colliculus
M - Medial geniculate body
A - Auditory cortex

The area of cortex, concerned with hearing is Brodmann's area located in the Superior temporal gyrus.

Each ear is represented in both cerebral hemispheres .

Battle sign :
BattlE
Behind Ear

Charge Syndrome : CHARGE
C : Coloboma
H : Heart defects
A : choanal Atresia
R : Retarded growth
G : Genital hypoplasia
E : Ear anomalies

Complications For Canal Wall Down Procedures: "3 Ds"
Discharge
Deafness
Dizziness

Causes of SNHL: 1. Congenital

Prenatal factors
Paranatal factors

2. Acquired
"Nina Never STOPS MI(my) FAN"
N-Noise induced HL
N-Noise Induce HL
S-Sudden HL
T-Trauma to labyrinth/VIIITH nerve
O-Ototoxic drugs
P-Presbyacusis
S-Systemic Dz
M-Meniere"s disease
I-Infections
F-Familial Prog HL
A-Ac. Neuroma

Contraindications of Stapedectomy : "I POD"
I-Infections in ext/middle ear
P-perforation should be closed first
O-only hearing ear is a
contraindication D-deafness (sensorineural)

Embryology of ear Ossicles:

Maleus and Incus forms from mesoderm of I(First) arch

Stapes from Second arch

Fluctuating Hearing Loss : "SPAM"
S - Syphilic labyrinthitis
P - Perilmph fistula
A - Autoimmune disorder of inner ear
M - Meniere's disease

Gradenigo's Triad : "EAR"
E-Ear discharge
A-Abducens palsy
R-Retro orbital pain(5th nerve involved)

Indications of Tympanoplasty : "ABCDES"
A - age should be above 10yrs when sufficient resistance develops
B - benign (tubotympanic disease) can be corrected
C - conductive deafness can corrected
D - dry perforation gives best results
E - eustachian tube should be functioning properly
S - stapes should be mobile

Menier's disease : Symptoms : "FATE"
F : fluctuating hearing loss
A : aural fullness
T : tinnitus
E : episodic vertigo

Ototoxic Drugs : Vestibulotoxic
"Very Sorry To Guys"
Ve : Vestibulotoxic
S : Streptomicin
T : Tobramicin
G : Gentamicin
"My Friends Eat Burger N Soup To Ceremonial Queen's Party"
M : Marijuana,REST OF -micin drugs
F : Furasamide
E : Ethacrynic Acid
B : Bumatanide
N : Nitrogen mustard
S : Salicylates
T : Tobacco
C : Cisplatin,CO-Poisioning
Q : Quinine
P : Propanolol,Propylthiouracil

Otogenic Brain Abscess : Stages : "INLET"

Stage of INvasion - headache, low grade fever, malaise and drowsiness

Stage of Localisation - formation of a capsule to localise the pus

Stage of Enlargment - zone of edema around the abscess, raised intracranial tension

Stage of Termination - ruptures into the ventricle or subarachnoid space

Sequelae Of CSOM : "O CART"
O - Ossicular necrosis
C - Cholesterol granuloma
A - Atrophic tympanic membrane and atelactatic middle ear
R - Retraction pockets and cholesteatoma T - Tympanosclerosis

Skull Fracture:

tranSVerSe fracture - Seventh palsy Vertigo and Sensorineural hearing loss

lOngitudinal fracture - here O indicates OTORRHEA more common here

Stapes Surgery Contraindication: "COW TO MEN"
C : young Children
O : Only hearing ear
W : Works in high
construction,diving,air travels T : Tympanic membrane perforation
O : Otitis externa
M : Meniers disease
E : Exostosis
N : works in Noisy surroundings

Symptoms of acute Otitis Media: "A Full DPT Course"
A - autophony
Full - fullness sensation in ear
D - deafness
P - pain
T - tinnitus may be present
Course : constitutional symptoms

Theories For Origin Of CHOLESTEATOMA : "CRUSH"
C : Congenital theory
R : Ruedi's theory
W : Wittmaacks's theory(use W instead of U)
S : Saade's theory
H : Habermann's theory

Tubercular Otitis Media : Clinical Features : "5P's"
Painless ear discharge
Perforation
Profound hearing loss
Paralysis of face
Pale granulation

Tumors of Cerebellopontine angle : "Angrybird GAMES"
A - Acoustic neuroma (VIII th nerve tumor)
G - Glomus tumor
A - Arachnoid cyst
M - Meningioma
E - Epidermoid (cholesteatoma)
S - Schwannoma of other Crainial nerves ( V, VII ,IX,X,XI)

Vertigo Causes : "VERTIGO"
V - Vascular
E - Epilepsy
R - Rx with antihypertensives, tranquilisers and quinine
T - Tumour (acoustic neuroma) ,Trauma, Thyroid (hypothyroidism)
I - Infection (vestibular neuronitis)
G - Glial disease (multiple sclerosis)
O - Ocular

Causes Of Vertigo Mnemonic , Tumors of Cerebellopontine angle Mnemonic , Clinical Features Of Tubercular Otitis Media Mnemonic , Theories For Origin Of CHOLESTEATOMA Mnemonic , Symptoms of acute Otitis Media Mnemonic , Stapes Surgery Contraindication Mnemonic , Skull Fracture Mnemonic , Sequelae Of CSOM Mnemonic , Stages Of Otogenic Brain Abscess Mnemonic , Ototoxic Drugs Mnemonic , Symptoms Of Menier's disease Mnemonic , Indications of Tympanoplasty Mnemonic , Gradenigo's Triad Mnemonic , Fluctuating Hearing Loss Mnemonic , Embryology of ear Ossicles Mnemonic , Contraindications of Stapedectomy Mnemonic , Causes of SNHL Mnemonic , Complications For Canal Wall Down Procedures Mnemonic , Charge Syndrome Mnemonic , Battle sign Mnemonic , Auditory Pathway Mnemonic , Causes Of Acute Earache (Otalgia) Mnemonic , Causes Of Acute Earache (Otalgia) Mnemonic , After Stapes Surgery Mnemonic .

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