HEMATOLOGY MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

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HEMATOLOGY MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

Anemia causes (simplified) : "ANEMIA"
A - Anemia of chronic disease
N - No folate or B12
E - Ethanol
M - Marrow failure & hemaglobinopathies
I - Iron deficient
A - Acute & chronic blood loss

Anemia: TIBC finding to differentiate iron deficiency vs. chronic disease : TIBC levels at the:
Top=Iron deficiency.
Bottom=Chronic disease.

Blood disorders: commoner sex HE (male) gets:
HEmophilia (X-linked)
HEinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, causing HEmolytic anemia: X-linked)
HEmochromatosis (male predominance)
HEart attacks (male predominance)
HEnoch-Schonlein purpura (male predominance)
SHE (female) gets:
SHEehan's syndrome

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Components: "HELPR"
H/H (Hemoglobin/Hematocrit)
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets
R/R (reticulocytes/RBC indices)

Deep venous thrombosis genetic causes : "ALASCA"
Antithrombin III
Leiden (Factor V)
APC (Activated Protein C)
S-protein deficiency
C-protein deficiency
Antiphospholipid antibody

Causes of Disseminated Intravascular Cogulation (DIC) : Obstretrical complications are "TEAR"
T - Toxemia of pregnancy
E - Emboli (amniotic)
A - Abrutio placentae
R - Retain fetus products

Haemolytic anaemia haematological features : "BLUHR"
B - Biliburin, unconjugated (INCREASE)
L - Lactate dehydrogenase (INCREASE)
U - Urinary urobilinogen (INCREASE)
H - Haptoglobin (DECREASE)
R - Reticulocytosis and polychromasia

Types of Hemolytic Anemia : "SHEEP TIT"
S - Sickle cell
H - Heriditary splenocytosis
E - Enzyme deficiencies: [G6P, pyruvate kinase]
E - Erythroblastosis fetalis
P - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
T - Trauma to RBCs
I - Immunohemolytics: [warm Ab, cold Ag]
T - Thalassemias: [alpha, beta]

Leukaemia Signs and Symptoms : "LEUKEMIA (the US spelling!)"
L - Light skin (pallor)
E - Energy decreased/Enlarged spleen, liver, lymph nodes
U - Underweight
K - Kidney failure
E - Excess heat (fever)
M - Mottled skin (haemorrhage)
I - Infections
A - Anaemia

Leukemias: Acute vs. Chronic : "rules of thumb ABCDEF"
Acute is:
Blasts predominate
Children
Drastic course
Elderly
Few WBC's (so Fevers)
Chronic is all the opposites:
Mature cells predominate
Middle aged
Less debilitating course
Elevated WBC's, so not a history of fevers and infections

Macrocytic anaemia differential : "FAT RBC"
F - Fetus (pregnancy)
A - Alcohol
T - Thyroid disease(ie hypothyroidism)
R - Reticulocytosis
B - B12 and folate deficiency
C - Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease

Macrocytosis, Non-B12/Folate Causes : "HELP NADRA"
H - Hemaolysis (especially chronic)
E - Endocrine (hypothyroidism)
L - Liver disease
P - Pregnancy
N - Neoplasia (including myelodysplasia)
A - Alcohol
D - Drugs (especially myelosuppressives like chemotherapy, anti-HIV meds)
R - Reticulocytes
A - Agglutination

Microcytic Anaemia Causes: "FAST"
F - Fe (iron) deficiency
A - Anaemia of chronic disease (can also cause normocytic anaemia)
S - Sideroblastic anaemia
T - Thalassaemia

Polycythemia Rubra Vera (PRV): common Symptoms : "PRV"
P - Plethora/Pruritis
R - Ringing in ears
V - Visual blurriness

Sickle cell disease Signs : "SICKLE"
S - Splenomegaly/Sludging
I - Infection
C - Cholelithiasis
K - Kidney haematuria
L - Liver congestion/Leg ulcers
E - Eye changes

Splenomegaly causes : "CHINA"
C - Congestion/Cellular infiltration
H - Haematological (eg haemolytic anaemia, Sickle cell)
I - Infection/Infarction (eg malaria, GF, CMV)
N - Neoplasia (eg CML, lymphoma, other myeloproliferative)
A - Autoimmune

TTP clinical features Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia : "PARTNER"
P - Platelet count
A - Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic)
R - Renal failure
T - Temperature rise
N - Neurological deficits
E - ERadmission (as it is an emergency)

Thrombocytopenia Causes : "PLATELETS"
P - Platelet disorders: TTP, ITP, DIC
L - Leukaemia
A - Anaemia
T - Trauma
E - Enlarged spleen
L - Liver disease
E - Ethanol
T - Toxins: benzene, heparin, aspirin, chemotherapy.
S - Sepsis

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura signs : "FRANT"
F - Fever
R - Renal problems
A - Anemia
N - Neurologic dysfunction
T - Thrombocytopenia

Thrombus possible fates : "DOPE"
D - Dissolution
O - Organization & repair
P - Propagation
E - Embolization

Virchow's triad (venous thrombosis) : "VIRchow"
V - Vascular trauma
I - Increased coagulability
R - Reduced blood flow (stasis)

Vitamin-k dependent clotting factors : 1972 (in reverse order):
II (2)
VII (7)
IX (9)
X (10)

White blood cell relative concentrations: "Nathan Let Maryum (to) Eat Banana"
From greatest to least:
Neutrophils (65%)
Lymphocytes (25%)
Monocytes (6%)
Eosinophils (3%)
Basophils (1%)

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