INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

Cutaneus Receptors / Functions MM
Meissner s corpuscle --> Mild touch
PP
Pacini corpuscle --> Pressure

Albinism: Type I vs. II Classification : "One has None.Two Accumulates"
Type I: have no pigment.
Type II: No pigment at birth, but accumulates as person ages

Allergic Contact Dermatitis - Common allergens: "CONTACT"
C - Cutaneous type IV reaction
O - Ointments and cosmetics containing lanolin
N - Nickel
T - Topical antibiotics can cause it (e.g. neomycin)
A - Autosensitisation can occur (secondary spread elsewhere)
C - Chromates (cement, leather)/Colophony (plasters, glues, inks)
T - Topical antihistamines and topical anaesthetics (haemorrhoid creams) can cause it

Behcet's Syndrome : Diagnostic Criteria - Pathergy Test : "SORE"
S - Skin lesions (e.g. erythema nodosum, subcutaneous thrombophlebitis
O - Oral ulceration (recurrent)
R - Recurrent genital ulceration
E - Eye lesions (e.g. iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis)

Black eschar Differential : "CAGES"
C - Clostridium
A - Aspergillus ( Deep Fungal e.g. fusarium)/Anthrax
G - Group B strep
E - Ecthyma gangrenosum - pseudomonas
S - Spider bite

Causes Of Exfoliative Dermatitis : "RED MAN"
R - Radiation
E - Eczema/psoriasis
D - Drugs
M - Malignancy (MF, lymphoma)
A - Autoimmune (rare DM)
N - No cause found (Idiopathic)

CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME : "HIGASHI"
H - Hair, silver
I - Immune Deficiency
G - orGanelle-Lysosome
A - Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
S - Seizures, CNS
H - pHotophobia
I - Inclusions-giant, azure

Cutaneous inflammation patterns : "Pus of Pig Valve" "PSFPGVLV"
Psoriaform
Spongiotic (eczematous)
Folliculitis
Panniculitis
Granulomatous
Vasculopathic
Lichenoid
Vessiculobullous

DERMATOMYOSITIS : "MUSCLE PAINS"
M - Malignancy (breast, lung, ovary, GI)
U - Ungual telangiectasias
S - Subcutaneous calcinosis
C - Cardiac
L - Liver
E - Eyes (heliotrope lids, photosensitivity, retinopathy)
P - Poikiloderma / Polyarthritis
A - Aldolase
I - Interstitial pneumonitis
N - Needle biopsy
S - Sclerodermatomyositis

Diseases with Angioid Streaks : "APPLES"
A - Acromegally
P - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
P - Paget's disease
L - Lead poisoning
E - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
S - Sickle cell anemia

Erythema nodosum causes : "IDP OUT"
I - Infections (eg strep)
D - Drugs (eg sulfonamides)
P - Pregnancy
O - OCP
U - Ulcerative colitis
T - TB

Generalized skin hyperpigmentation causes : "SPREAD"
S - Sunlight
P - Pregnancy
R - Renal failure
E - Excess iron (haemochromatosis)
A - Addison's disease
D - Drugs (eg busulphan)

ICHTHYOSIS : "CORNERS"
C - CO - Conradi's
R - Rud's
N - Netherton's
E - Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis
R - Refsum's
S - Sjogren-Larsson

Impetigo Clinical presentation : "IMPETIGO"
I - Infection with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes or both
M - Mostly in young children
P - Particularly around nose and surrounding parts of face
E - Erythematous base with honey-coloured crusts
T - Treat with Topical antibiotic such as fusidic acid for localized lesions
I - Individuals are highly contagious from skin-to-skin contact; Improve hygiene; do not share towels
G - Gram stain and culture of swab diagnostic
O - Oral flucloxacillin required for widespread impetigo

Lichen planus characteristics : "4 Ps"
Peripheral
Polygonal
Pruritus
Purple

MELANOMA RISKS : "MMRISK"
M - Moles that are atypical or dysplastic nevi
M - Moles that are many in number R - Red hair
I - Inability to tan
S - Sunburn (especially severe burns before age 14)
K - Kindred (family history)

MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE, SKIN MANIFESTATION : "SMEAR"
S - Scleroderma
M - Myositis
E - Edema
A - Acrosclerosis
R - Raynauds

Malignant melanoma 3 sites with poor prognosis : "BANS"
B - Back of Arm
N - Neck
S - Scalp

Melanoma vs. basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma: * Metastatic ability *

MElanoma is more likely to MEtastasize.

Basal and squamous hardly ever metastasize

NON-SCARRING ALOPECIA : "HOT TAP"
H - Hormonal - hypothyroidism, androgenic
O - Out of iron, zinc
T - Telogen effluvium, Tinea capitis
T - Toxins - heavy metals, chemotherapy
A - Autoimmune - alopecia areata, anagen effluvium
P - Physical - trichotillomania, traction alopecia

Nodules, painful cutaneous nodules causes : "BENGAL CO"
B - Blue rubber bleb nevus
E - Eccrine spiradenoma
N - Neurilemmoma/Neuroma
G - Glomus tumor
A - Angiolipoma/Angioleiomyoma/Angiosarcoma
L - Leiomyoma
C - Cutaneous endometriosis/Calcinosis cutis
O - Osteoma cutis

PAINFUL SOLITARY DERMAL NODULES : "TANGLED"
T - Traumatic neuroma
A - Angiolipoma
N - Neurilemmuma
G - Glomus tumor
L - Leiomyoma
E - Eccrine spiradenoma
D - Dercums disease (Adiposis Dolorosa)

PAINFUL TUMOURS OF THE SKIN : "BENGAL"
B - Blue rubber bleb nevus
E - Eccrine spiradenoma
N - Neuroma
G - Glomus tumor
A - Angiolipoma
L - Leiomyoma

Pruritus systemic causes : "TICH"
T - Thyroid disease/Type 1 DM
I - Iron deficiency anemia/Internal malignancy
C - CRF/Chronic liver disease
H - HIV infection/Hereditary hemochromatosis

Psoriasis, pathophysiology : "PSORIASIS"
P - Pink Papules/Plaques/Pinpoint bleeding (Auspitz sign)/Physical injury (Koebner phenomenon)/Pain
S - Silver Scale/Sharp margins
O - Onycholysis/Oil spots
R - Rete Ridges with Regular elongation
I - Itching
A - Arthritis/Abscess (Munro)
S - Stratum corneum with nuclei, neutrophils
I - Immunologic
S - Stratum granulosum absent/Stratum Spinosum thickening

Raynaud's phenomenon causes : "COLD HAND"
C - Cryoglobulins/Cryofibrinogens
O - Obstruction/Occupational
L - Lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue disease
D - Diabetes mellitus/Drugs
H - Hematologic problems
(polycythemia, leukemia, etc)
A - Arterial problems
(atherosclerosis)
N - Neurologic problems (vascular tone)
D - Disease of unknown origin (idiopathic)

Skin Functions : "SKIN"
S - Specialised sensory innervation/Synthesise Vitamin -D/Secretes pheromones for Sex
K - Keeps out unwanted molecules, microbes or radiation/Keeps in water, electrolytes and solutes
I - Immunological function; contains antigen-presenting cells
N - Normalises heat regulation

Squamous cell carcinoma Clinical presentation: "C, CELLS"
C - Associated with Chronic inflammation such as venous leg ulcers
C - Crusted, firm, irregular lesion
E - Excision used as treatment
L - Lower lip can be affected in smokers
L - Less likely to metastasise
S - Sun-exposed areas are usually affected: ears, dorsum of the hands, bald scalp

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