MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MNEMONICS IN PATHOLOGY

Ankylosing spondylitis extra-articular manifestations : "6As"
• Atlanto-axial subluxation
• Anterior uveitis
• Apical lung fibrosis
• Aortic incompetence
• Amyloidosis (kidneys)
• Autoimmune bowel disease (UC)

Arthritis seronegative spondyloarthropathies : "PEAR"
P - Psoriatic arthritis
E - Enteropathic arthritis
A - Ankylosing sponylitis
R - Reiter's/Reactive

Arthritis, juvenile idiopathic differential : "ARTHRITIS"
A - Anxiety
R - Rickets and metabolic Disorders
T - Tumor
H - Hematological
R - Reactive arthritis
I - Immunological (SLE)
T - Trauma
I - Injury
S - Sepsis

Carcinomas having tendency to metastasize to bone : "Particular Tumours Like Killing Bone"
• Prostate
• Thyroid
• Lung
• Kidney
• Breast

Carpal tunnel syndrome TINel's sign: TINgling sensation after
Tapping on
Traumatized nerve in carpal
Tunnel syndrome

Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy : Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin.

Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein).

Felty's syndrome components : "SANTA"
S - Splenomegaly
A - Anaemia
N - Neutropenia
T - Thrombocytopenia
A - Arthritis (rheumatoid)

Henoch schonlein purpura signs and symptoms: "PANA"
P - Purpura, palpable (especially on buttocks and lower extremities)
A - Abdominal pain (need to rule out intussusception)
N - Nephritis
A - Arthritis, arthralgias

Joint pain Causes : "ARTHRITIS"
A - Arthritis rheumatoid or osteoarthritis
R - Reactive arthritides
T - Tendon/muscle damage
H - Hyperuricaemia; gout
R - Referred pain
A - AutoImmune, eg connective tissue disease ,systemic sclerosis, SLE
T - Tumour
I - Ischaemia
S - Sepsis/Spondyloarthritides

Joint pain causes : "SOFTER TISSUE"
S - Sepsis
O - Osteoarthritis
F - Fractures
T - Tendon/muscle
E - Epiphyseal
R - Referred
T - Tumor
I - Ischaemia
S - Seropositive arthritides
S - Seronegative arthritides
U - Urate
E - Extra-articular rheumatism (such as polymylagia)

Osteoporosis risk factors : "ACCESS"
A - Alcohol
C - Corticosteroid
C - Calcium low
E - Estrogen low
S - Smoking
S - Sedentary lifestyle

Osteosarcoma features : "PEARL HARBOR"
P - Paget's disease (10-20%)
E - Early age (10-20 yrs)
A - Around knee
R - Raised periosteum by expanding tumor: "sunburst pattern"
L - Lace-like architecture
H - Hyaline arteoriosclerosis
A - Alkaline phosphatase increased
R - Retinoblastoma
B - Boys, predominantly
O - Osteomyelitis DDx
R - Radiation

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Features : "RHEUMATISM "
R - Rheumatoid factor (RF) +ve in 80%/Radial deviation of wrist
H - HLA-DR1 and DR-4
E - ESR/Extra-articular features (restrictive lung disease, subcutaneous nodules)
U - Ulnar deviation of fingers
M - Morning stiffness/MCP+PIP joint swelling
A - Ankylosis/Atlanto-axial joint subluxation/Autoimmune/ANA +ve in 30%
T - T-cells (CD4)/TNF
I - Inflammatory synovial tissue (pannus)/IL-1
S - Swan-neck deformity, Boutonniere deformity,Z-deformity of thumb
M - Muscle wastage of small muscles of hand

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Diagnosis : "MD SOAP N HAIR"
M - Malar rash
D - Discoid rash
S - Serositis
O - Oral ulcer
A - Arthritis
P - Photosensitivity
N - Neurologic abnormality
H - Hematologic abnormality
A - ANA (+)
I - Immunologic abnormality
R - Renal involvement

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