RENAL SYSTEM PATHOLOGY MNEMONICS

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RENAL SYSTEM PATHOLOGY MNEMONICS

Causes of Kidney Enlargement: "SHAPE"
S - Sclerderma
H - HIV nephropathy
A - Amyloidosis
P - Polycystic kidney disease
E - Endocrinophathy (diabetes)

UTIs Risk factors : "UTIs"
U - Urinary tract obstruction or malformation
T - The menopause
I - Intercourse (sexual)/Instrumentation/Immunosuppression female Sex/Stones

Acute renal failure (ARF) Detection : "ACUte"
A - Acute presentation over hours or days
C - Creatinine rises
U - Urea rises (±oliguria <400 ml/24 h)

Chronic Renal Failure Dfferential Diagnosis : "DUG HIPPO"
D - DM 25%
U - Unknown 12%
G - Glomerulonephritis 25%
H - Hypertension 10%
I - Interstitial nephritis 5%
P - Pyelonephritis, VUR 10%
P - Polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
O - Obstruction 3%

Chronic renal failure Clinical presentation: "NASER & 8 Ps"
N - Nails are brown
A - Arises blood pressure
S - Skin is yellow
E - Excoriations (scratch marks)
R - Retinopathy
P - Pallor
P - Purpura and bruises
P - Pericarditis and cardiomegaly
P - Pleural effusions
P - Pulmonary oedema
P - Peripheral oedema
P - Proximal myopathy
P - Peripheral neuropathy

Chronic vs. Acute Renal Failure : "SNAB"
S - Small kidney
N - Neuropathy
A - Anemia
B - Bone disease

Epididmyitis bacterial causes : "CENT"
C - Chlamydia trachomatis
E - E. coli
N - Nisseria gonorrhoeae
T - Tuberculos bacteria

Glomerular disease with a reduced complement level : "PELICAN"
P - Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
E - Endocarditis (sub-acute)
L - Lupus erythematosus
I - Idiopatic membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
C - Cryoglobulinemia
A - Abscess (visceral)
N - Nephritis

Hematuria urethral causes : "NUTS"
N - Neoplasm
U - Urethritis
T - Tumour
S - Stone

Hydronephrosis differential : Unilateral is :
"PACT"
P - Pelvic-uteric obstruction (congenital or acquired)
A - Aberrant renal vessels
C - Calculi
T - Tumours of renal pelvis

Bilateral is :
"SUPER"
S - Stenosis of the urethra
U - Urethral valve
P - Prostatic enlargement
E - Extensive bladder tumour
R - Retro-peritoneal fibrosis

Nephritic syndrome: glomerular diseases commonly presenting as nephritic syndrome : "PARIS"
P - Post-streptococcal
A - Alport's
R - RPGN
I - IgA nephropathy
S - SLE

Nephrotic Syndrome : "Read Every Damn Story Guide"
Renal vein thrombosis
Eclampsia
DM
SLE
Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic syndrome ; Causes of Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome: "DAVID"
D - Diabetes mellitus
A - Amyloidosis
V - Vasculitis
I - Infections
D - Drugs

Polycystic kidney: genetic marker "P" is the 16th letter of the alphabet.
Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease is associated with abberation on the 16th chromosome

Pyelonephritis (acute) predisposing factors : "SCARRIN UP"
S - Sex (females <40, males >40)
C - Catheterization
A - Age (infant, elderly)
R - Renal lesions
R - Reflux (vesciouteral)
I - Immunodeficienct
N - NIDDM, IDDM
U - Urinary obstuction
P - Pregnant
Acute pyelonephritis heals by scarring up the area (pyelonephritic scar).

Renal Cell Cancer (RCC):
genetic marker "RCC" equals three.
Or, "C" is the third letter of the alphabet.
RCC is associated with genetic
abberations on the third chromosome (VHL gene)

Renal failure causes : "DIVA GUT"
D - Diffuse intravascular coagulation
I - Infection
V - Vascular obstruction
A - Acute tubular necrosis
G - Glomerular disease
U - Urinary obstruction
T - Tubulointerstitial nephritis

UTIs Risk factors : "UTIs"
U - Urinary tract obstruction or malformation
T - The menopause
I - Intercourse (sexual)/Instrumentation/Immunosuppression female Sex/Stones

Alternatively :

"SUMI"
S - female Sex/Stones
U - Urinary tract obstruction or malformation
M - Menopause
I - Intercourse (sexual)/Instrumentation/Immunosuppression

Urinary tract malignancies ,Features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) : "RRC"
R - Renal tubule (proximal) epithelium is involved
R - Renal Cancers are 90% RCC
C - Clinical features include haematuria, loin pain, abdominal mass, anorexia, malaise and weight loss

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